418 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
418 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# morgan
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[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
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[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
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[![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url]
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[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
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HTTP request logger middleware for node.js
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> Named after [Dexter](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Morgan), a show you should not watch until completion.
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## API
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<!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars -->
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```js
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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```
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### morgan(format, options)
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Create a new morgan logger middleware function using the given `format` and `options`.
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The `format` argument may be a string of a predefined name (see below for the names),
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a string of a format string, or a function that will produce a log entry.
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The `format` function will be called with three arguments `tokens`, `req`, and `res`,
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where `tokens` is an object with all defined tokens, `req` is the HTTP request and `res`
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is the HTTP response. The function is expected to return a string that will be the log
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line, or `undefined` / `null` to skip logging.
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#### Using a predefined format string
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<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
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```js
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morgan('tiny')
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```
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#### Using format string of predefined tokens
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<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
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```js
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morgan(':method :url :status :res[content-length] - :response-time ms')
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```
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#### Using a custom format function
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<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
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``` js
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morgan(function (tokens, req, res) {
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return [
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tokens.method(req, res),
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tokens.url(req, res),
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tokens.status(req, res),
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tokens.res(req, res, 'content-length'), '-',
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tokens['response-time'](req, res), 'ms'
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].join(' ')
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})
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```
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#### Options
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Morgan accepts these properties in the options object.
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##### immediate
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Write log line on request instead of response. This means that a requests will
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be logged even if the server crashes, _but data from the response (like the
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response code, content length, etc.) cannot be logged_.
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##### skip
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Function to determine if logging is skipped, defaults to `false`. This function
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will be called as `skip(req, res)`.
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<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
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```js
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// EXAMPLE: only log error responses
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morgan('combined', {
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skip: function (req, res) { return res.statusCode < 400 }
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})
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```
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##### stream
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Output stream for writing log lines, defaults to `process.stdout`.
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#### Predefined Formats
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There are various pre-defined formats provided:
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##### combined
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Standard Apache combined log output.
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```
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:remote-addr - :remote-user [:date[clf]] ":method :url HTTP/:http-version" :status :res[content-length] ":referrer" ":user-agent"
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```
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##### common
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Standard Apache common log output.
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```
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:remote-addr - :remote-user [:date[clf]] ":method :url HTTP/:http-version" :status :res[content-length]
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```
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##### dev
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Concise output colored by response status for development use. The `:status`
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token will be colored green for success codes, red for server error codes,
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yellow for client error codes, cyan for redirection codes, and uncolored
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for information codes.
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```
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:method :url :status :response-time ms - :res[content-length]
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```
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##### short
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Shorter than default, also including response time.
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```
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:remote-addr :remote-user :method :url HTTP/:http-version :status :res[content-length] - :response-time ms
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```
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##### tiny
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The minimal output.
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```
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:method :url :status :res[content-length] - :response-time ms
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```
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#### Tokens
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##### Creating new tokens
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To define a token, simply invoke `morgan.token()` with the name and a callback function.
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This callback function is expected to return a string value. The value returned is then
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available as ":type" in this case:
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<!-- eslint-disable no-undef -->
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```js
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morgan.token('type', function (req, res) { return req.headers['content-type'] })
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```
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Calling `morgan.token()` using the same name as an existing token will overwrite that
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token definition.
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The token function is expected to be called with the arguments `req` and `res`, representing
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the HTTP request and HTTP response. Additionally, the token can accept further arguments of
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it's choosing to customize behavior.
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##### :date[format]
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The current date and time in UTC. The available formats are:
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- `clf` for the common log format (`"10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 +0000"`)
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- `iso` for the common ISO 8601 date time format (`2000-10-10T13:55:36.000Z`)
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- `web` for the common RFC 1123 date time format (`Tue, 10 Oct 2000 13:55:36 GMT`)
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If no format is given, then the default is `web`.
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##### :http-version
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The HTTP version of the request.
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##### :method
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The HTTP method of the request.
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##### :referrer
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The Referrer header of the request. This will use the standard mis-spelled Referer header if exists, otherwise Referrer.
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##### :remote-addr
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The remote address of the request. This will use `req.ip`, otherwise the standard `req.connection.remoteAddress` value (socket address).
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##### :remote-user
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The user authenticated as part of Basic auth for the request.
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##### :req[header]
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The given `header` of the request. If the header is not present, the
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value will be displayed as `"-"` in the log.
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##### :res[header]
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The given `header` of the response. If the header is not present, the
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value will be displayed as `"-"` in the log.
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##### :response-time[digits]
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The time between the request coming into `morgan` and when the response
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headers are written, in milliseconds.
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The `digits` argument is a number that specifies the number of digits to
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include on the number, defaulting to `3`, which provides microsecond precision.
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##### :status
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The status code of the response.
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If the request/response cycle completes before a response was sent to the
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client (for example, the TCP socket closed prematurely by a client aborting
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the request), then the status will be empty (displayed as `"-"` in the log).
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##### :total-time[digits]
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The time between the request coming into `morgan` and when the response
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has finished being written out to the connection, in milliseconds.
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The `digits` argument is a number that specifies the number of digits to
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include on the number, defaulting to `3`, which provides microsecond precision.
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##### :url
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The URL of the request. This will use `req.originalUrl` if exists, otherwise `req.url`.
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##### :user-agent
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The contents of the User-Agent header of the request.
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### morgan.compile(format)
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Compile a format string into a `format` function for use by `morgan`. A format string
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is a string that represents a single log line and can utilize token syntax.
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Tokens are references by `:token-name`. If tokens accept arguments, they can
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be passed using `[]`, for example: `:token-name[pretty]` would pass the string
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`'pretty'` as an argument to the token `token-name`.
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The function returned from `morgan.compile` takes three arguments `tokens`, `req`, and
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`res`, where `tokens` is object with all defined tokens, `req` is the HTTP request and
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`res` is the HTTP response. The function will return a string that will be the log line,
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or `undefined` / `null` to skip logging.
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Normally formats are defined using `morgan.format(name, format)`, but for certain
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advanced uses, this compile function is directly available.
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## Examples
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### express/connect
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Simple app that will log all request in the Apache combined format to STDOUT
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```js
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var express = require('express')
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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var app = express()
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app.use(morgan('combined'))
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app.get('/', function (req, res) {
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res.send('hello, world!')
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})
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```
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### vanilla http server
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Simple app that will log all request in the Apache combined format to STDOUT
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```js
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var finalhandler = require('finalhandler')
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var http = require('http')
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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// create "middleware"
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var logger = morgan('combined')
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http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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var done = finalhandler(req, res)
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logger(req, res, function (err) {
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if (err) return done(err)
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// respond to request
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res.setHeader('content-type', 'text/plain')
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res.end('hello, world!')
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})
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})
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```
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### write logs to a file
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#### single file
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Simple app that will log all requests in the Apache combined format to the file
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`access.log`.
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```js
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var express = require('express')
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var fs = require('fs')
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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var path = require('path')
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var app = express()
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// create a write stream (in append mode)
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var accessLogStream = fs.createWriteStream(path.join(__dirname, 'access.log'), { flags: 'a' })
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// setup the logger
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app.use(morgan('combined', { stream: accessLogStream }))
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app.get('/', function (req, res) {
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res.send('hello, world!')
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})
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```
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#### log file rotation
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Simple app that will log all requests in the Apache combined format to one log
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file per day in the `log/` directory using the
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[rotating-file-stream module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/rotating-file-stream).
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```js
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var express = require('express')
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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var path = require('path')
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var rfs = require('rotating-file-stream') // version 2.x
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var app = express()
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// create a rotating write stream
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var accessLogStream = rfs.createStream('access.log', {
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interval: '1d', // rotate daily
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path: path.join(__dirname, 'log')
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})
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// setup the logger
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app.use(morgan('combined', { stream: accessLogStream }))
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app.get('/', function (req, res) {
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res.send('hello, world!')
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})
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```
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### split / dual logging
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The `morgan` middleware can be used as many times as needed, enabling
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combinations like:
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* Log entry on request and one on response
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* Log all requests to file, but errors to console
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* ... and more!
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Sample app that will log all requests to a file using Apache format, but
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error responses are logged to the console:
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```js
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var express = require('express')
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var fs = require('fs')
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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var path = require('path')
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var app = express()
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// log only 4xx and 5xx responses to console
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app.use(morgan('dev', {
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skip: function (req, res) { return res.statusCode < 400 }
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}))
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// log all requests to access.log
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app.use(morgan('common', {
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stream: fs.createWriteStream(path.join(__dirname, 'access.log'), { flags: 'a' })
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}))
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app.get('/', function (req, res) {
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res.send('hello, world!')
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})
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```
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### use custom token formats
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Sample app that will use custom token formats. This adds an ID to all requests and displays it using the `:id` token.
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```js
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var express = require('express')
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var morgan = require('morgan')
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var uuid = require('node-uuid')
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morgan.token('id', function getId (req) {
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return req.id
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})
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var app = express()
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app.use(assignId)
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app.use(morgan(':id :method :url :response-time'))
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app.get('/', function (req, res) {
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res.send('hello, world!')
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})
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function assignId (req, res, next) {
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req.id = uuid.v4()
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next()
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}
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```
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## License
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[MIT](LICENSE)
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[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/expressjs/morgan/master
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[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/morgan?branch=master
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[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/morgan
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[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/morgan
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[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/morgan
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[travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/expressjs/morgan/master
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[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/expressjs/morgan
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