250 KiB
250 KiB
Загрузка набора данных¶
In [1]:
import pandas as pd
from sklearn import set_config
set_config(transform_output="pandas")
random_state=9
df = pd.read_csv("data/car_price_prediction.csv", index_col="ID")
df['distance_nokm'] = pd.to_numeric(df['Mileage'].str.replace(' km', '', regex=False))
df["distance_norm"] = df["distance_nokm"].clip(0, 350000)
df.boxplot(column="distance_norm")
average_mileage = df["distance_norm"].mean()
print(f"Среднее значение поля 'пробег': {average_mileage}")
average_mileage = df["distance_norm"].mean()
df["above_average_mileage"] = (df["distance_norm"] > average_mileage).astype(int)
df
Out[1]:
Разделение набора данных на обучающую и тестовые выборки (80/20) для задачи классификации¶
Целевой признак -- gear box type - коробка переключения передач. x - полная выборка, y - gear box столбец
In [2]:
from utils import split_stratified_into_train_val_test
X_train, X_val, X_test, y_train, y_val, y_test = split_stratified_into_train_val_test(
df, stratify_colname="above_average_mileage", frac_train=0.80, frac_val=0, frac_test=0.20, random_state=random_state
)
display("X_train", X_train)
display("y_train", y_train)
display("X_test", X_test)
display("y_test", y_test)
В итоге, этот код выполняет следующие действия:
- Заполняет пропущенные значения: В числовых столбцах медианой, в категориальных - значением "unknown".
- Стандартизирует числовые данные: приводит их к нулевому среднему и единичному стандартному отклонению.
- Преобразует категориальные данные: использует one-hot-кодирование.
- Удаляет ненужные столбцы: из списка
columns_to_drop.
Формирование конвейера для классификации данных¶
preprocessing_num -- конвейер для обработки числовых данных: заполнение пропущенных значений и стандартизация
preprocessing_cat -- конвейер для обработки категориальных данных: заполнение пропущенных данных и унитарное кодирование
features_preprocessing -- трансформер для предобработки признаков
features_engineering -- трансформер для конструирования признаков
drop_columns -- трансформер для удаления колонок
features_postprocessing -- трансформер для унитарного кодирования новых признаков
pipeline_end -- основной конвейер предобработки данных и конструирования признаков
Конвейер выполняется последовательно.
Трансформер выполняет параллельно для указанного набора колонок.
Документация:
In [ ]:
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.discriminant_analysis import StandardScaler
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
from transformers import TitanicFeatures
# columns_to_drop = ["Survived", "Name", "Cabin", "Ticket", "Embarked", "Parch", "Fare"]
columns_to_drop = [
"Doors",
# "Color",
# "Gear box type",
"Prod_year",
"Mileage",
# "Airbags",
"Levy",
# "Leather_interior",
"Fuel type",
"Drive wheels",
"Engine volume",
"Wheel",
"distance_nokm",
"Model",
"Cylinders"
]
num_columns = [
"Airbags",
"distance_norm"
]
cat_columns = [
"Color",
"Gear box type",
"Leather_interior",
"Manufacturer",
"Category"
]
num_imputer = SimpleImputer(strategy="median")
num_scaler = StandardScaler()
preprocessing_num = Pipeline(
[
("imputer", num_imputer),
("scaler", num_scaler),
]
)
cat_imputer = SimpleImputer(strategy="constant", fill_value="unknown")
cat_encoder = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown="ignore", sparse_output=False, drop="first")
preprocessing_cat = Pipeline(
[
("imputer", cat_imputer),
("encoder", cat_encoder),
]
)
features_preprocessing = ColumnTransformer(
verbose_feature_names_out=False,
transformers=[
("prepocessing_num", preprocessing_num, num_columns),
("prepocessing_cat", preprocessing_cat, cat_columns),
#("prepocessing_features", cat_imputer, ["Name", "Cabin"]),
],
remainder="passthrough"
)
# features_engineering = ColumnTransformer(
# verbose_feature_names_out=False,
# transformers=[
# ("add_features", TitanicFeatures(), ["Name", "Cabin"]),
# ],
# remainder="passthrough",
# )
drop_columns = ColumnTransformer(
verbose_feature_names_out=False,
transformers=[
("drop_columns", "drop", columns_to_drop),
],
remainder="passthrough",
)
# features_postprocessing = ColumnTransformer(
# verbose_feature_names_out=False,
# transformers=[
# ("prepocessing_cat", preprocessing_cat, ["Cabin_type"]),
# ],
# remainder="passthrough",
# )
pipeline_end = Pipeline(
[
("features_preprocessing", features_preprocessing),
# ("features_engineering", features_engineering),
("drop_columns", drop_columns),
# ("features_postprocessing", features_postprocessing),
]
)
Демонстрация работы конвейера для предобработки данных при классификации¶
In [ ]:
preprocessing_result = pipeline_end.fit_transform(X_train)
preprocessed_df = pd.DataFrame(
preprocessing_result,
columns=pipeline_end.get_feature_names_out(),
)
preprocessed_df
Out[ ]:
Формирование набора моделей для классификации¶
logistic -- логистическая регрессия
ridge -- гребневая регрессия
decision_tree -- дерево решений
knn -- k-ближайших соседей
naive_bayes -- наивный Байесовский классификатор
gradient_boosting -- метод градиентного бустинга (набор деревьев решений)
random_forest -- метод случайного леса (набор деревьев решений)
mlp -- многослойный персептрон (нейронная сеть)
Документация: https://scikit-learn.org/1.5/supervised_learning.html
In [ ]:
from sklearn import ensemble, linear_model, naive_bayes, neighbors, neural_network, tree
class_models = {
"logistic": {"model": linear_model.LogisticRegression()},
# "ridge": {"model": linear_model.RidgeClassifierCV(cv=5, class_weight="balanced")},
"ridge": {"model": linear_model.LogisticRegression(penalty="l2", class_weight="balanced")},
"decision_tree": {
"model": tree.DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=7, random_state=random_state)
},
"knn": {"model": neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7)},
"naive_bayes": {"model": naive_bayes.GaussianNB()},
"gradient_boosting": {
"model": ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=210)
},
"random_forest": {
"model": ensemble.RandomForestClassifier(
max_depth=11, class_weight="balanced", random_state=random_state
)
},
"mlp": {
"model": neural_network.MLPClassifier(
hidden_layer_sizes=(7,),
max_iter=100000,
early_stopping=True,
random_state=random_state,
)
},
}
In [ ]:
# print(y_train.dtypes)
# print(y_test.dtypes)
# df.info()
print(y_train.head())
print(y_test.head())
Обучение моделей на обучающем наборе данных и оценка на тестовом¶
In [ ]:
import numpy as np
from sklearn import metrics
for model_name in class_models.keys():
print(f"Model: {model_name}")
model = class_models[model_name]["model"]
model_pipeline = Pipeline([("pipeline", pipeline_end), ("model", model)])
model_pipeline = model_pipeline.fit(X_train, y_train.values.ravel())
y_train_predict = model_pipeline.predict(X_train)
y_test_probs = model_pipeline.predict_proba(X_test)[:, 1]
y_test_predict = np.where(y_test_probs > 0.5, 1, 0)
class_models[model_name]["pipeline"] = model_pipeline
class_models[model_name]["probs"] = y_test_probs
class_models[model_name]["preds"] = y_test_predict
print(y_train_predict)
print(y_test_predict)
class_models[model_name]["Precision_train"] = metrics.precision_score(
y_train, y_train_predict, average="micro"
)
class_models[model_name]["Precision_test"] = metrics.precision_score(
y_test, y_test_predict, average="micro"
)
class_models[model_name]["Recall_train"] = metrics.recall_score(
y_train, y_train_predict, average="micro"
)
class_models[model_name]["Recall_test"] = metrics.recall_score(
y_test, y_test_predict
)
class_models[model_name]["Accuracy_train"] = metrics.accuracy_score(
y_train, y_train_predict
)
class_models[model_name]["Accuracy_test"] = metrics.accuracy_score(
y_test, y_test_predict
)
class_models[model_name]["ROC_AUC_test"] = metrics.roc_auc_score(
y_test, y_test_probs
)
class_models[model_name]["F1_train"] = metrics.f1_score(y_train, y_train_predict)
class_models[model_name]["F1_test"] = metrics.f1_score(y_test, y_test_predict)
class_models[model_name]["MCC_test"] = metrics.matthews_corrcoef(
y_test, y_test_predict
)
class_models[model_name]["Cohen_kappa_test"] = metrics.cohen_kappa_score(
y_test, y_test_predict
)
class_models[model_name]["Confusion_matrix"] = metrics.confusion_matrix(
y_test, y_test_predict
)
Сводная таблица оценок качества для использованных моделей классификации¶
Документация: https://scikit-learn.org/1.5/modules/model_evaluation.html
Матрица неточностей
In [ ]:
from sklearn.metrics import ConfusionMatrixDisplay
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
_, ax = plt.subplots(int(len(class_models) / 2), 2, figsize=(12, 10), sharex=False, sharey=False)
for index, key in enumerate(class_models.keys()):
c_matrix = class_models[key]["Confusion_matrix"]
disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(
confusion_matrix=c_matrix, display_labels=["Less", "More"]
).plot(ax=ax.flat[index])
disp.ax_.set_title(key)
plt.subplots_adjust(top=1, bottom=0, hspace=0.4, wspace=0.1)
plt.show()
Точность, полнота, верность (аккуратность), F-мера
In [ ]:
class_metrics = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(class_models, "index")[
[
"Precision_train",
"Precision_test",
"Recall_train",
"Recall_test",
"Accuracy_train",
"Accuracy_test",
"F1_train",
"F1_test",
]
]
class_metrics.sort_values(
by="Accuracy_test", ascending=False
).style.background_gradient(
cmap="plasma",
low=0.3,
high=1,
subset=["Accuracy_train", "Accuracy_test", "F1_train", "F1_test"],
).background_gradient(
cmap="viridis",
low=1,
high=0.3,
subset=[
"Precision_train",
"Precision_test",
"Recall_train",
"Recall_test",
],
)
Out[ ]:
ROC-кривая, каппа Коэна, коэффициент корреляции Мэтьюса
In [ ]:
class_metrics = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(class_models, "index")[
[
"Accuracy_test",
"F1_test",
"ROC_AUC_test",
"Cohen_kappa_test",
"MCC_test",
]
]
class_metrics.sort_values(by="ROC_AUC_test", ascending=False).style.background_gradient(
cmap="plasma",
low=0.3,
high=1,
subset=[
"ROC_AUC_test",
"MCC_test",
"Cohen_kappa_test",
],
).background_gradient(
cmap="viridis",
low=1,
high=0.3,
subset=[
"Accuracy_test",
"F1_test",
],
)
Out[ ]:
In [ ]:
best_model = str(class_metrics.sort_values(by="MCC_test", ascending=False).iloc[0].name)
display(best_model)
Вывод данных с ошибкой предсказания для оценки¶
In [ ]:
preprocessing_result = pipeline_end.transform(X_test)
preprocessed_df = pd.DataFrame(
preprocessing_result,
columns=pipeline_end.get_feature_names_out(),
)
y_pred = class_models[best_model]["preds"]
error_index = y_test[y_test["above_average_mileage"] != y_pred].index.tolist()
display(f"Error items count: {len(error_index)}")
error_predicted = pd.Series(y_pred, index=y_test.index).loc[error_index]
error_df = X_test.loc[error_index].copy()
error_df.insert(loc=1, column="Predicted", value=error_predicted)
error_df.sort_index()
Out[ ]:
Пример использования обученной модели (конвейера) для предсказания¶
In [ ]:
model = class_models[best_model]["pipeline"]
example_id = 45812690
test = pd.DataFrame(X_test.loc[example_id, :]).T
test_preprocessed = pd.DataFrame(preprocessed_df.loc[example_id, :]).T
display(test)
display(test_preprocessed)
result_proba = model.predict_proba(test)[0]
result = model.predict(test)[0]
real = int(y_test.loc[example_id].values[0])
display(f"predicted: {result} (proba: {result_proba})")
display(f"real: {real}")
Подбор гиперпараметров методом поиска по сетке¶
https://www.kaggle.com/code/sociopath00/random-forest-using-gridsearchcv
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.model_selection.GridSearchCV.html
In [ ]:
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
optimized_model_type = "random_forest"
random_forest_model = class_models[optimized_model_type]["pipeline"]
param_grid = {
"model__n_estimators": [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500],
"model__max_features": ["sqrt", "log2", 2],
"model__max_depth": [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,10],
"model__criterion": ["gini", "entropy", "log_loss"],
}
gs_optomizer = GridSearchCV(
estimator=random_forest_model, param_grid=param_grid, n_jobs=-1
)
gs_optomizer.fit(X_train, y_train.values.ravel())
gs_optomizer.best_params_
Обучение модели с новыми гиперпараметрами
In [ ]:
optimized_model = ensemble.RandomForestClassifier(
random_state=random_state,
criterion="gini",
max_depth=7,
max_features="sqrt",
n_estimators=30,
)
result = {}
result["pipeline"] = Pipeline([("pipeline", pipeline_end), ("model", optimized_model)]).fit(X_train, y_train.values.ravel())
result["train_preds"] = result["pipeline"].predict(X_train)
result["probs"] = result["pipeline"].predict_proba(X_test)[:, 1]
result["preds"] = np.where(result["probs"] > 0.5, 1, 0)
result["Precision_train"] = metrics.precision_score(y_train, result["train_preds"])
result["Precision_test"] = metrics.precision_score(y_test, result["preds"])
result["Recall_train"] = metrics.recall_score(y_train, result["train_preds"])
result["Recall_test"] = metrics.recall_score(y_test, result["preds"])
result["Accuracy_train"] = metrics.accuracy_score(y_train, result["train_preds"])
result["Accuracy_test"] = metrics.accuracy_score(y_test, result["preds"])
result["ROC_AUC_test"] = metrics.roc_auc_score(y_test, result["probs"])
result["F1_train"] = metrics.f1_score(y_train, result["train_preds"])
result["F1_test"] = metrics.f1_score(y_test, result["preds"])
result["MCC_test"] = metrics.matthews_corrcoef(y_test, result["preds"])
result["Cohen_kappa_test"] = metrics.cohen_kappa_score(y_test, result["preds"])
result["Confusion_matrix"] = metrics.confusion_matrix(y_test, result["preds"])
Формирование данных для оценки старой и новой версии модели
In [ ]:
optimized_metrics = pd.DataFrame(columns=list(result.keys()))
optimized_metrics.loc[len(optimized_metrics)] = pd.Series(
data=class_models[optimized_model_type]
)
optimized_metrics.loc[len(optimized_metrics)] = pd.Series(
data=result
)
optimized_metrics.insert(loc=0, column="Name", value=["Old", "New"])
optimized_metrics = optimized_metrics.set_index("Name")
Оценка параметров старой и новой модели
In [ ]:
optimized_metrics[
[
"Precision_train",
"Precision_test",
"Recall_train",
"Recall_test",
"Accuracy_train",
"Accuracy_test",
"F1_train",
"F1_test",
]
].style.background_gradient(
cmap="plasma",
low=0.3,
high=1,
subset=["Accuracy_train", "Accuracy_test", "F1_train", "F1_test"],
).background_gradient(
cmap="viridis",
low=1,
high=0.3,
subset=[
"Precision_train",
"Precision_test",
"Recall_train",
"Recall_test",
],
)
In [ ]:
optimized_metrics[
[
"Accuracy_test",
"F1_test",
"ROC_AUC_test",
"Cohen_kappa_test",
"MCC_test",
]
].style.background_gradient(
cmap="plasma",
low=0.3,
high=1,
subset=[
"ROC_AUC_test",
"MCC_test",
"Cohen_kappa_test",
],
).background_gradient(
cmap="viridis",
low=1,
high=0.3,
subset=[
"Accuracy_test",
"F1_test",
],
)
In [ ]:
_, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 4), sharex=False, sharey=False
)
for index in range(0, len(optimized_metrics)):
c_matrix = optimized_metrics.iloc[index]["Confusion_matrix"]
disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(
confusion_matrix=c_matrix, display_labels=["Died", "Sirvived"]
).plot(ax=ax.flat[index])
plt.subplots_adjust(top=1, bottom=0, hspace=0.4, wspace=0.3)
plt.show()