1226 lines
49 KiB
ApacheConf
1226 lines
49 KiB
ApacheConf
# Apache Server Configs v4.0.0 | MIT License
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# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache
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# (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have
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# access to the main server configuration file (which is usually called
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# `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html
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# ######################################################################
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# # CROSS-ORIGIN #
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# ######################################################################
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Cross-origin requests |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Allow cross-origin requests.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS
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# https://enable-cors.org/
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# https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/
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# (!) Do not use this without understanding the consequences.
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# This will permit access from any other website.
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# Instead of using this file, consider using a specific rule such as
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# allowing access based on (sub)domain:
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#
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# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "subdomain.example.com"
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# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
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# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
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# </IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Cross-origin images |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image
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# https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html
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<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
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<IfModule mod_headers.c>
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<FilesMatch "\.(bmp|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|a?png|svgz?|webp)$">
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SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS
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Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS
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</FilesMatch>
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</IfModule>
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</IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Cross-origin web fonts |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Allow cross-origin access to web fonts.
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#
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# https://developers.google.com/fonts/docs/troubleshooting
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<IfModule mod_headers.c>
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<FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff2?)$">
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Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
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</FilesMatch>
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</IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Cross-origin resource timing |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources.
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#
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# If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that would
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# allow its timing information to be shared with the document, some of the
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# attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will be set to zero.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Timing-Allow-Origin
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# https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/
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# https://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/
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# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
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# Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*"
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# </IfModule>
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# ######################################################################
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# # ERRORS #
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# ######################################################################
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Custom error messages/pages |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument
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ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Error prevention |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Disable the pattern matching based on filenames.
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#
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# This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result of a
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# rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews
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Options -MultiViews
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# ######################################################################
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# # INTERNET EXPLORER #
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# ######################################################################
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Document modes |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode
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# available in various cases when it may not.
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#
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# https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8
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#
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# (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated.
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# If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were
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# designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to
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# consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company.
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#
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# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode
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# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11/
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# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff955275.aspx
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<IfModule mod_headers.c>
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Header always set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text/html#i"
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</IfModule>
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# ######################################################################
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# # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS #
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# ######################################################################
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Media types |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types).
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#
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# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype
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<IfModule mod_mime.c>
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# Data interchange
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AddType application/atom+xml atom
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AddType application/json json map topojson
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AddType application/ld+json jsonld
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AddType application/rss+xml rss
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AddType application/geo+json geojson
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AddType application/rdf+xml rdf
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AddType application/xml xml
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# JavaScript
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# Servers should use text/javascript for JavaScript resources.
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# https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#scriptingLanguages
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AddType text/javascript js mjs
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# Manifest files
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AddType application/manifest+json webmanifest
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AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp
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AddType text/cache-manifest appcache
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# Media files
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AddType audio/mp4 f4a f4b m4a
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AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus
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AddType image/bmp bmp
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AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
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AddType image/webp webp
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AddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4
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AddType video/ogg ogv
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AddType video/webm webm
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AddType video/x-flv flv
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# Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type prevents
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# Internet Explorer from displaying them as images:
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# https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee
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AddType image/x-icon cur ico
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# WebAssembly
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AddType application/wasm wasm
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# Web fonts
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AddType font/woff woff
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AddType font/woff2 woff2
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AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot
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AddType font/ttf ttf
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AddType font/collection ttc
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AddType font/otf otf
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# Other
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AddType application/octet-stream safariextz
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AddType application/x-bb-appworld bbaw
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AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
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AddType application/x-opera-extension oex
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AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi
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AddType text/calendar ics
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AddType text/markdown markdown md
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AddType text/vcard vcard vcf
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AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc xloc
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AddType text/vtt vtt
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AddType text/x-component htc
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</IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Character encodings |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain` with the media type
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# `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset
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AddDefaultCharset utf-8
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# Serve the following file types with the media type `charset` parameter set to
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# `UTF-8`.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset
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<IfModule mod_mime.c>
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AddCharset utf-8 .appcache \
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.bbaw \
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.css \
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.htc \
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.ics \
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.js \
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.json \
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.manifest \
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.map \
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.markdown \
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.md \
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.mjs \
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.topojson \
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.vtt \
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.vcard \
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.vcf \
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.webmanifest \
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.xloc
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</IfModule>
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# ######################################################################
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# # REWRITES #
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# ######################################################################
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Rewrite engine |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for the
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# `RewriteRule` directives to work).
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine
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#
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# (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options
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#
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# (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, you need to
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# comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment the
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# `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware of the performance
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# impact.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks
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#
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# (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`.
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#
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# https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase
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#
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# (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to use the
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# `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for the rewrite engine.
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#
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions
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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
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# (1)
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RewriteEngine On
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# (2)
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Options +FollowSymlinks
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# (3)
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# Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
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# (4)
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# RewriteBase /
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# (5)
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# RewriteOptions <options>
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</IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Forcing `https://` |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL.
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#
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# https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS
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# (1) If you're using cPanel AutoSSL or the Let's Encrypt webroot method it
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# will fail to validate the certificate if validation requests are
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# redirected to HTTPS. Turn on the condition(s) you need.
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#
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# https://www.iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml
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# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-acme-acme-12
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# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
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# RewriteEngine On
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# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
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# # (1)
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# # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/\.well-known/acme-challenge/
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# # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/\.well-known/cpanel-dcv/[\w-]+$
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# # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/\.well-known/pki-validation/[A-F0-9]{32}\.txt(?:\ Comodo\ DCV)?$
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# RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
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# </IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Suppressing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Rewrite www.example.com → example.com
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# The same content should never be available under two different URLs,
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# especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning.
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# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, you should
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# choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other one.
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#
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# (!) NEVER USE BOTH WWW-RELATED RULES AT THE SAME TIME!
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# (1) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the
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# appropriate schema automatically (http or https).
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#
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# (2) The rule assumes by default that both HTTP and HTTPS environments are
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# available for redirection.
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# If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains used during
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# redirection, you should turn the condition on.
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#
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# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52
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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
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RewriteEngine On
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# (1)
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RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
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RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:https]
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RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
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RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:http]
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# (2)
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# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
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RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
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</IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Rewrite example.com → www.example.com
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# The same content should never be available under two different URLs,
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# especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning.
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# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, you should
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# choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other one.
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#
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# (!) NEVER USE BOTH WWW-RELATED RULES AT THE SAME TIME!
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# (1) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the
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# appropriate schema automatically (http or https).
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#
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# (2) The rule assumes by default that both HTTP and HTTPS environments are
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# available for redirection.
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# If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains used during
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# redirection, you should turn the condition on.
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#
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# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52
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# Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real"
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# subdomains for certain parts of your website.
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# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
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# RewriteEngine On
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# # (1)
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# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
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# RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:https]
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# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
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# RewriteRule ^ - [E=PROTO:http]
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# # (2)
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# # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
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# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
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# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1
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# RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1
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# RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
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# </IfModule>
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# ######################################################################
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# # SECURITY #
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# ######################################################################
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Frame Options |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Protect website against clickjacking.
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#
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# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with the value
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# `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of the web page in any
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# frame.
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#
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# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read about the
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# other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header field can have:
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# `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`.
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# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1.
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#
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# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header for all
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# of your website's pages, this has the potential downside that it forbids even
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# non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when users visit your website
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# using a Google Image Search results page).
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#
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# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` header for
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# all pages that allow a user to make a state-changing operation (e.g: pages
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# that contain one-click purchase links, checkout or bank-transfer confirmation
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# pages, pages that make permanent configuration changes, etc.).
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#
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# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website against
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# more than just clickjacking attacks.
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# https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options
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# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034
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# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options/
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# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking
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# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
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# Header always set X-Frame-Options "DENY" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text/html#i"
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# </IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Content Security Policy (CSP) |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection
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# attacks.
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#
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# This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which whitelists
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# trusted sources of content for your website.
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#
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# There is no policy that fits all websites, you will have to modify the
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# `Content-Security-Policy` directives in the example depending on your needs.
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#
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# The example policy below aims to:
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#
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# (1) Restrict all fetches by default to the origin of the current website by
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# setting the `default-src` directive to `'self'` - which acts as a
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# fallback to all "Fetch directives" (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Fetch_directive).
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#
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# This is convenient as you do not have to specify all Fetch directives
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# that apply to your site, for example:
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# `connect-src 'self'; font-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self'`, etc.
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#
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# This restriction also means that you must explicitly define from which
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# site(s) your website is allowed to load resources from.
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#
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# (2) The `<base>` element is not allowed on the website. This is to prevent
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# attackers from changing the locations of resources loaded from relative
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# URLs.
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#
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# If you want to use the `<base>` element, then `base-uri 'self'` can be
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# used instead.
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#
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# (3) Form submissions are only allowed from the current website by setting:
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# `form-action 'self'`.
|
|
#
|
|
# (4) Prevents all websites (including your own) from embedding your webpages
|
|
# within e.g. the `<iframe>` or `<object>` element by setting:
|
|
# `frame-ancestors 'none'`.
|
|
#
|
|
# The `frame-ancestors` directive helps avoid "Clickjacking" attacks and
|
|
# is similar to the `X-Frame-Options` header.
|
|
#
|
|
# Browsers that support the CSP header will ignore `X-Frame-Options` if
|
|
# `frame-ancestors` is also specified.
|
|
#
|
|
# (5) Forces the browser to treat all the resources that are served over HTTP
|
|
# as if they were loaded securely over HTTPS by setting the
|
|
# `upgrade-insecure-requests` directive.
|
|
#
|
|
# Please note that `upgrade-insecure-requests` does not ensure HTTPS for
|
|
# the top-level navigation. If you want to force the website itself to be
|
|
# loaded over HTTPS you must include the `Strict-Transport-Security`
|
|
# header.
|
|
#
|
|
# (6) The `Content-Security-Policy` header is included in all responses
|
|
# that are able to execute scripting. This includes the commonly used
|
|
# file types: HTML, XML and PDF documents. Although Javascript files
|
|
# can not execute script in a "browsing context", they are still included
|
|
# to target workers:
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#CSP_in_workers
|
|
#
|
|
# To make your CSP implementation easier, you can use an online CSP header
|
|
# generator such as:
|
|
# https://report-uri.com/home/generate/
|
|
#
|
|
# It is encouraged that you validate your CSP header using a CSP validator
|
|
# such as:
|
|
# https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com
|
|
#
|
|
# https://csp.withgoogle.com/docs/
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy
|
|
# https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/
|
|
# https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP/
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
# # (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
|
|
# Header always set Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; base-uri 'none'; form-action 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'; upgrade-insecure-requests" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text\/(html|javascript)|application\/pdf|xml#i"
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | File access |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Block access to directories without a default document.
|
|
#
|
|
# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow anyone to
|
|
# surf through every directory on your server (which may include rather
|
|
# private places such as the CMS's directories).
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>
|
|
Options -Indexes
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
|
|
|
# Block access to all hidden files and directories except for the
|
|
# visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory.
|
|
#
|
|
# These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved state
|
|
# of a utility, and can include rather private places like, for example, the
|
|
# `.git` or `.svn` directories.
|
|
#
|
|
# The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path prefix
|
|
# for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`,
|
|
# `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible content
|
|
# should not be blocked.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known
|
|
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
|
|
RewriteEngine On
|
|
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC]
|
|
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR]
|
|
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f
|
|
RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
|
|
|
# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information.
|
|
#
|
|
# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be left by some
|
|
# text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone has access to them.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://feross.org/cmsploit/
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to include any
|
|
# files that might end up on your production server and can expose
|
|
# sensitive information about your website. These files may include:
|
|
# configuration files, files that contain metadata about the project (e.g.:
|
|
# project dependencies, build scripts, etc.).
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
|
|
<FilesMatch "(^#.*#|\.(bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|orig|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$">
|
|
Require all denied
|
|
</FilesMatch>
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Force client-side TLS (Transport Layer Security) redirection.
|
|
#
|
|
# If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server redirects
|
|
# them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves a window of
|
|
# opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker to downgrade or
|
|
# redirect the request.
|
|
#
|
|
# The following header ensures that a browser only connects to your server
|
|
# via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's address bar.
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) Be aware that Strict Transport Security is not revokable and you
|
|
# must ensure being able to serve the site over HTTPS for the duration
|
|
# you've specified in the `max-age` directive. When you don't have a
|
|
# valid TLS connection anymore (e.g. due to an expired TLS certificate)
|
|
# your visitors will see a nasty error message even when attempting to
|
|
# connect over HTTP.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1) Preloading Strict Transport Security.
|
|
# To submit your site for HSTS preloading, it is required that:
|
|
# * the `includeSubDomains` directive is specified
|
|
# * the `preload` directive is specified
|
|
# * the `max-age` is specified with a value of at least 31536000 seconds
|
|
# (1 year).
|
|
# https://hstspreload.org/#deployment-recommendations
|
|
#
|
|
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-6.1
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Strict-Transport-Security
|
|
# https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/
|
|
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2014/08/18/strict-transport-security/
|
|
# https://hstspreload.org/
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
# Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" "expr=%{HTTPS} == 'on'"
|
|
# # (1) Enable your site for HSTS preload inclusion.
|
|
# # Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" "expr=%{HTTPS} == 'on'"
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Content Type Options |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response.
|
|
#
|
|
# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin data
|
|
# leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server is serving
|
|
# user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be treated as
|
|
# executable by the browser.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Content-Type-Options
|
|
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection/
|
|
# https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Protection |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Protect website reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built into most
|
|
# web browsers.
|
|
#
|
|
# The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases, it may be
|
|
# disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer, for example, it can be
|
|
# re-enabled just by sending the `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value
|
|
# of `1`.
|
|
#
|
|
# (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential reflected
|
|
# (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the filter.
|
|
#
|
|
# By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a reflected XSS
|
|
# attack, they will attempt to block the attack by making the smallest
|
|
# possible modifications to the returned web page.
|
|
#
|
|
# Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), this default
|
|
# behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited. Therefore, it's better
|
|
# to inform browsers to prevent the rendering of the page altogether,
|
|
# instead of attempting to modify it.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that you are
|
|
# taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the most obvious
|
|
# being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-XSS-Protection
|
|
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter/
|
|
# https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ieinternals/2011/01/31/controlling-the-xss-filter/
|
|
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
# # (1) (2)
|
|
# Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text/html#i"
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Referrer Policy |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Set a strict Referrer Policy to mitigate information leakage.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1) The `Referrer-Policy` header is included in responses for resources
|
|
# that are able to request (or navigate to) other resources.
|
|
#
|
|
# This includes the commonly used resource types:
|
|
# HTML, CSS, XML/SVG, PDF documents, scripts and workers.
|
|
#
|
|
# To prevent referrer leakage entirely, specify the `no-referrer` value
|
|
# instead. Note that the effect could impact analytics metrics negatively.
|
|
#
|
|
# To check your Referrer Policy, you can use an online service, such as:
|
|
# https://securityheaders.com/
|
|
# https://observatory.mozilla.org/
|
|
#
|
|
# https://scotthelme.co.uk/a-new-security-header-referrer-policy/
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referrer-Policy
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
# # (1)
|
|
# Header always set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" "expr=%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m#text\/(css|html|javascript)|application\/pdf|xml#i"
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Disable TRACE HTTP Method |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Prevent Apache from responding to `TRACE` HTTP request.
|
|
#
|
|
# The TRACE method, while seemingly harmless, can be successfully leveraged
|
|
# in some scenarios to steal legitimate users' credentials.
|
|
#
|
|
# Modern browsers now prevent TRACE requests being made via JavaScript,
|
|
# however, other ways of sending TRACE requests with browsers have been
|
|
# discovered, such as using Java.
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) If you have access to the main server configuration file, use the
|
|
# `TraceEnable` directive instead.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.8
|
|
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross_Site_Tracing
|
|
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Test_HTTP_Methods_(OTG-CONFIG-006)
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#traceenable
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
|
|
# RewriteEngine On
|
|
# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^TRACE [NC]
|
|
# RewriteRule .* - [R=405,L]
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Server-side technology information |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that:
|
|
#
|
|
# * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP),
|
|
# and its value contains information about them (e.g.: their name, version
|
|
# number)
|
|
#
|
|
# * doesn't provide any value to users, contributes to header bloat, and in
|
|
# some cases, the information it provides can expose vulnerabilities
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the
|
|
# language/framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting
|
|
# `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`).
|
|
#
|
|
# https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
Header unset X-Powered-By
|
|
Header always unset X-Powered-By
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Server software information |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing information
|
|
# about the server to the server-generated documents (e.g.: error messages,
|
|
# directory listings, etc.).
|
|
#
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature
|
|
|
|
ServerSignature Off
|
|
|
|
# ######################################################################
|
|
# # WEB PERFORMANCE #
|
|
# ######################################################################
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Compression |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
|
|
|
|
# Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers
|
|
#
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept-Encoding
|
|
# https://calendar.perfplanet.com/2010/pushing-beyond-gzipping/
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
|
|
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
|
|
RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
|
|
|
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_filter.c>
|
|
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \
|
|
"application/javascript" \
|
|
"application/json" \
|
|
"application/ld+json" \
|
|
"application/manifest+json" \
|
|
"application/rdf+xml" \
|
|
"application/rss+xml" \
|
|
"application/schema+json" \
|
|
"application/geo+json" \
|
|
"application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \
|
|
"application/wasm" \
|
|
"application/x-font-ttf" \
|
|
"application/x-javascript" \
|
|
"application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \
|
|
"application/xhtml+xml" \
|
|
"application/xml" \
|
|
"font/eot" \
|
|
"font/opentype" \
|
|
"font/otf" \
|
|
"font/ttf" \
|
|
"image/bmp" \
|
|
"image/svg+xml" \
|
|
"image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \
|
|
"text/cache-manifest" \
|
|
"text/calendar" \
|
|
"text/css" \
|
|
"text/html" \
|
|
"text/javascript" \
|
|
"text/plain" \
|
|
"text/markdown" \
|
|
"text/vcard" \
|
|
"text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \
|
|
"text/vtt" \
|
|
"text/x-component" \
|
|
"text/x-cross-domain-policy" \
|
|
"text/xml"
|
|
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
|
|
|
# Map the following filename extensions to the specified encoding type in
|
|
# order to make Apache serve the file types with the appropriate
|
|
# `Content-Encoding` response header (do note that this will NOT make
|
|
# Apache compress them!).
|
|
#
|
|
# If these files types would be served without an appropriate
|
|
# `Content-Encoding` response header, client applications (e.g.: browsers)
|
|
# wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress the response, and thus,
|
|
# wouldn't be able to understand the content.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Encoding
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding
|
|
|
|
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
|
|
AddEncoding gzip svgz
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
</IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | Brotli pre-compressed content |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Serve brotli compressed CSS, JS, HTML, SVG, ICS and JSON files if they exist
|
|
# and if the client accepts br encoding.
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) To make this part relevant, you need to generate encoded files by your
|
|
# own. Enabling this part will not auto-generate brotlied files.
|
|
#
|
|
# Note that some clients (eg. browsers) require a secure connection to request
|
|
# brotli-compressed resources.
|
|
# https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5420797577396224
|
|
#
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_brotli.html#precompressed
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
|
|
|
|
# RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} br
|
|
# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.br -f
|
|
# RewriteRule \.(css|ics|js|json|html|svg)$ %{REQUEST_URI}.br [L]
|
|
|
|
# # Prevent mod_deflate double gzip
|
|
# RewriteRule \.br$ - [E=no-gzip:1]
|
|
|
|
# <FilesMatch "\.br$">
|
|
|
|
# <IfModule mod_mime.c>
|
|
# # Serve correct content types
|
|
# AddType text/css css.br
|
|
# AddType text/calendar ics.br
|
|
# AddType text/javascript js.br
|
|
# AddType application/json json.br
|
|
# AddType text/html html.br
|
|
# AddType image/svg+xml svg.br
|
|
|
|
# # Serve correct content charset
|
|
# AddCharset utf-8 .css.br \
|
|
# .ics.br \
|
|
# .js.br \
|
|
# .json.br
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# # Force proxies to cache brotlied and non-brotlied files separately
|
|
# Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
|
|
|
|
# </FilesMatch>
|
|
|
|
# # Serve correct encoding type
|
|
# AddEncoding br .br
|
|
|
|
# </IfModule>
|
|
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# | GZip pre-compressed content |
|
|
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
# Serve gzip compressed CSS, JS, HTML, SVG, ICS, and JSON files if they exist
|
|
# and if the client accepts gzip encoding.
|
|
#
|
|
# (!) To make this part relevant, you need to generate encoded files by your
|
|
# own. Enabling this part will not auto-generate gziped files.
|
|
#
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_deflate.html#precompressed
|
|
#
|
|
# (1) Removing default MIME Type for .gz files allowing to add custom
|
|
# sub-types.
|
|
# You may prefer using less generic extensions such as .html_gz in order to
|
|
# keep the default behavior regarding .gz files.
|
|
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#removetype
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# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
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# RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip
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# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -f
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# RewriteRule \.(css|ics|js|json|html|svg)$ %{REQUEST_URI}.gz [L]
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# # Prevent mod_deflate double gzip
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# RewriteRule \.gz$ - [E=no-gzip:1]
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# <FilesMatch "\.gz$">
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# # Serve correct content types
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# <IfModule mod_mime.c>
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# # (1)
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# RemoveType gz
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# # Serve correct content types
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# AddType text/css css.gz
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# AddType text/calendar ics.gz
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# AddType text/javascript js.gz
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# AddType application/json json.gz
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# AddType text/html html.gz
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# AddType image/svg+xml svg.gz
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# # Serve correct content charset
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# AddCharset utf-8 .css.gz \
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# .ics.gz \
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# .js.gz \
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# .json.gz
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# </IfModule>
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# # Force proxies to cache gzipped and non-gzipped files separately
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# Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
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# </FilesMatch>
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# # Serve correct encoding type
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# AddEncoding gzip .gz
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# </IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Content transformation |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Prevent intermediate caches or proxies (such as those used by mobile
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# network providers) and browsers data-saving features from modifying
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# the website's content using the `cache-control: no-transform` directive.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Cache-Control
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# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.2.2.4
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#
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# (!) Carefully consider the impact on your visitors before disabling
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# content transformation. These transformations are performed to
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# improve the experience for data- and cost-constrained users
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# (e.g. users on a 2G connection).
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#
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# You can test the effects of content transformation applied by
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# Google's Lite Mode by visiting: https://googleweblight.com/i?u=https://www.example.com
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#
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# https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/6211428
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#
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# (!) If you are using `mod_pagespeed`, note that disabling this will
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# prevent `PageSpeed` from rewriting HTML files, and, if the
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# `ModPagespeedDisableRewriteOnNoTransform` directive isn't set to
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# `off`, also from rewriting other resources.
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#
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# https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/module/configuration#notransform
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# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
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# Header merge Cache-Control "no-transform"
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# </IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | ETags |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag
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# https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
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# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3
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# `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases.
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<IfModule mod_headers.c>
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Header unset ETag
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</IfModule>
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FileETag None
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Cache expiration |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Serve resources with a far-future expiration date.
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#
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# (!) If you don't control versioning with filename-based cache busting, you
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# should consider lowering the cache times to something like one week.
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#
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Cache-Control
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# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Expires
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# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_expires.html
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<IfModule mod_expires.c>
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ExpiresActive on
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ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month"
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# CSS
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ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year"
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# Data interchange
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ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour"
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ExpiresByType application/rdf+xml "access plus 1 hour"
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ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour"
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ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType application/schema+json "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType application/geo+json "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType text/calendar "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
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# Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images
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ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon "access plus 1 week"
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ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week"
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# HTML
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ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds"
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# JavaScript
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ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year"
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ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 year"
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ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 year"
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# Manifest files
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ExpiresByType application/manifest+json "access plus 1 week"
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ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds"
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ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds"
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# Markdown
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ExpiresByType text/markdown "access plus 0 seconds"
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# Media files
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ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/apng "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/bmp "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType image/webp "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month"
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# WebAssembly
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ExpiresByType application/wasm "access plus 1 year"
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# Web fonts
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# Collection
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ExpiresByType font/collection "access plus 1 month"
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# Embedded OpenType (EOT)
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ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType font/eot "access plus 1 month"
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# OpenType
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ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType font/otf "access plus 1 month"
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# TrueType
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ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType font/ttf "access plus 1 month"
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# Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 1.0
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ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType font/woff "access plus 1 month"
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# Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 2.0
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ExpiresByType application/font-woff2 "access plus 1 month"
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ExpiresByType font/woff2 "access plus 1 month"
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# Other
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ExpiresByType text/x-cross-domain-policy "access plus 1 week"
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</IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | File concatenation |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Allow concatenation from within specific files.
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#
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# If you have the following lines in a file called, for example,
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# `main.combined.js`:
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#
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# <!--#include file="js/jquery.js" -->
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# <!--#include file="js/jquery.timer.js" -->
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#
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# Apache will replace those lines with the content of the specified files.
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# <IfModule mod_include.c>
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# <FilesMatch "\.combined\.js$">
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# Options +Includes
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# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript \
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# application/x-javascript \
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# text/javascript
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# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
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# </FilesMatch>
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# <FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$">
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# Options +Includes
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# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css
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# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
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# </FilesMatch>
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# </IfModule>
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# | Filename-based cache busting |
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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# If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version revving,
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# you might want to consider enabling the following directives.
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#
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# To understand why this is important and even a better solution than using
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# something like `*.css?v231`, please see:
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# https://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/
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# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
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# RewriteEngine On
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# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
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# RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\w+)\.(bmp|css|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|m?js|a?png|svgz?|webp|webmanifest)$ $1.$3 [L]
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# </IfModule>
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