Лабораторная работа №7
This commit is contained in:
parent
ebd5940f5a
commit
3719b24ca9
@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractCompany
|
||||
/// Вычисление максимального количества элементов, который можно разместить в окне
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
private int GetMaxCount => _pictureWidth * _pictureHeight / (_placeSizeWidth * _placeSizeHeight);
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// Конструктор
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
@ -95,8 +96,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractCompany
|
||||
SetObjectsPosition();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < (_collection?.Count ?? 0); ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
DrawningTruck? obj = _collection?.Get(i);
|
||||
obj?.DrawTransport(graphics);
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
DrawningTruck? obj = _collection?.Get(i);
|
||||
obj?.DrawTransport(graphics);
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception) { }
|
||||
}
|
||||
return bitmap;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.Linq;
|
||||
using System.Text;
|
||||
@ -48,16 +49,18 @@ public class ListGenericObjects<T> : ICollectionGenericObjects<T>
|
||||
}
|
||||
public T? Get(int position)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (position >= 0 && position < Count && _collection[position] != null)
|
||||
return _collection[position];
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position >= MaxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new PositionOutOfCollectionException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return _collection[position];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public int Insert(T obj)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_collection.Count > _maxCount)
|
||||
if (_collection.Count >= _maxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
throw new CollectionOverflowException(MaxCount);
|
||||
}
|
||||
_collection.Add(obj);
|
||||
return _collection.Count;
|
||||
@ -65,40 +68,24 @@ public class ListGenericObjects<T> : ICollectionGenericObjects<T>
|
||||
|
||||
public int Insert(T obj, int position)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_collection.Count > _maxCount || position < 0 || position > _maxCount)
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position > _maxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
throw new PositionOutOfCollectionException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (_collection.Count >= _maxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new CollectionOverflowException(MaxCount);
|
||||
}
|
||||
_collection.Insert(position, obj);
|
||||
return position;
|
||||
|
||||
if (_collection[position] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_collection.Insert(position, obj);
|
||||
return position;
|
||||
}
|
||||
for (int i = position + 1; i < _maxCount; ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_collection[i] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_collection.Insert(position, obj);
|
||||
return position;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < position; ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_collection[i] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_collection.Insert(position, obj);
|
||||
return position;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public T Remove(int position)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position > _maxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
throw new PositionOutOfCollectionException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
T temp = _collection[position];
|
||||
_collection.RemoveAt(position);
|
||||
|
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Drawnings;
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.Linq;
|
||||
@ -52,13 +53,20 @@ public class MassiveGenericObjects<T> : ICollectionGenericObjects<T>
|
||||
}
|
||||
public T? Get(int position)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (position >= 0 && position < Count && _collection[position] != null)
|
||||
return _collection[position];
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position >= MaxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new PositionOutOfCollectionException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (_collection[position] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new ObjectNotFoundException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return _collection[position];
|
||||
}
|
||||
public int Insert(T obj)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < _collection.Length; ++i)
|
||||
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < MaxCount; ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_collection[i] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -66,13 +74,13 @@ public class MassiveGenericObjects<T> : ICollectionGenericObjects<T>
|
||||
return i;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
throw new CollectionOverflowException(Count);
|
||||
}
|
||||
public int Insert(T obj, int position)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position > Count)
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position >= MaxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
throw new PositionOutOfCollectionException(Count);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (_collection[position] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -95,17 +103,21 @@ public class MassiveGenericObjects<T> : ICollectionGenericObjects<T>
|
||||
return position;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
throw new CollectionOverflowException(Count);
|
||||
}
|
||||
public T Remove(int position)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (position >= 0 && position < Count)
|
||||
if (position < 0 || position >= MaxCount)
|
||||
{
|
||||
T remove = _collection[position];
|
||||
_collection[position]= null;
|
||||
return remove;
|
||||
throw new PositionOutOfCollectionException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
if (_collection[position] == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new ObjectNotFoundException(position);
|
||||
}
|
||||
T remove = _collection[position];
|
||||
_collection[position]= null;
|
||||
return remove;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public IEnumerable<T?> GetItems()
|
||||
|
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Drawnings;
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.Linq;
|
||||
@ -103,12 +104,13 @@ public class StorageCollection<T>
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="filename">Путь и имя файла</param>
|
||||
/// <returns>true - сохранение прошло успешно, false - ошибка при сохранении данных</returns>
|
||||
public bool SaveData(string filename)
|
||||
public void SaveData(string filename)
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
if (_storages.Count == 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
throw new Exception("В хранилище отсутствуют коллекции для сохранения");
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (File.Exists(filename))
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -143,27 +145,31 @@ public class StorageCollection<T>
|
||||
wr.Write(_separatorItems);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// Загрузка информации по автомобилям в хранилище из файла
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="filename">Путь и имя файла</param>
|
||||
/// <returns>true - загрузка прошла успешно, false - ошибка при загрузке данных</returns>
|
||||
public bool LoadData(string filename)
|
||||
public void LoadData(string filename)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (!File.Exists(filename))
|
||||
{
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
throw new Exception("Файл не существует");
|
||||
}
|
||||
using StreamReader rd = new StreamReader(filename);
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
UTF8Encoding temp = new(true);
|
||||
string str = rd.ReadLine();
|
||||
if (str == null || !str.StartsWith(_collectionKey))
|
||||
|
||||
if (str == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
throw new Exception("В файле нет данных");
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (!str.StartsWith(_collectionKey))
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new Exception("В файле неверные данные");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
_storages.Clear();
|
||||
@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ public class StorageCollection<T>
|
||||
ICollectionGenericObjects<T>? collection = StorageCollection<T>.CreateCollection(collectionType);
|
||||
if (collection == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
throw new Exception("Не удалось создать коллекции");
|
||||
}
|
||||
collection.MaxCount = Convert.ToInt32(record[2]);
|
||||
string[] set = record[3].Split(_separatorItems, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
|
||||
@ -187,15 +193,22 @@ public class StorageCollection<T>
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (elem?.CreateDrawningTruck() is T truck)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (collection.Insert(truck) < 0)
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
if (collection.Insert(truck) < 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new Exception("Объект не удалось добавить в коллекцию: " + record[3]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (CollectionOverflowException ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
throw new Exception("Коллекция переполнена", ex);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
_storages.Add(record[0], collection);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
|
@ -68,13 +68,17 @@ public class TruckSharingService : AbstractCompany
|
||||
x_pos = start_width;
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < maxWidth; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_collection.Get(i_collection) != null)
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
_collection.Get(i_collection).SetPictureSize(_pictureWidth, _pictureHeight);
|
||||
_collection.Get(i_collection).SetPosition(x_pos, y_pos);
|
||||
x_pos += _placeSizeWidth + width_between;
|
||||
i_collection++;
|
||||
if (_collection.Get(i_collection) != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_collection.Get(i_collection).SetPictureSize(_pictureWidth, _pictureHeight);
|
||||
_collection.Get(i_collection).SetPosition(x_pos, y_pos);
|
||||
x_pos += _placeSizeWidth + width_between;
|
||||
i_collection++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception) { }
|
||||
}
|
||||
y_pos = y_pos + _placeSizeHeight;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -103,8 +103,6 @@ public class DrawningTruck
|
||||
/// <returns>true - границы заданы, false - проверка не пройдена, нельзя разместить объект в этих размерах</returns>
|
||||
public bool SetPictureSize(int width, int height)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// TODO проверка, что объект "влезает" в размеры поля
|
||||
// если влезает, сохраняем границы и корректируем позицию объекта, если она была уже установлена
|
||||
if (_drawningTruckWidth > width || _drawningTruckHeight > height)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.Linq;
|
||||
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
|
||||
using System.Text;
|
||||
using System.Threading.Tasks;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// Класс, описывающий ошибку переполнения коллекции
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
[Serializable]
|
||||
public class CollectionOverflowException : ApplicationException
|
||||
{
|
||||
public CollectionOverflowException(int count) : base("В коллекции превышено допустимое количество: " + count) { }
|
||||
public CollectionOverflowException() : base() { }
|
||||
public CollectionOverflowException(string message) : base(message) { }
|
||||
public CollectionOverflowException(string message, Exception exception) : base(message, exception) { }
|
||||
protected CollectionOverflowException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext contex) : base(info, contex) { }
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.Linq;
|
||||
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
|
||||
using System.Text;
|
||||
using System.Threading.Tasks;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
|
||||
public class ObjectNotFoundException : ApplicationException
|
||||
{
|
||||
public ObjectNotFoundException(int i) : base("Не найден объект по позиции " + i) { }
|
||||
public ObjectNotFoundException() : base() { }
|
||||
public ObjectNotFoundException(string message) : base(message) { }
|
||||
public ObjectNotFoundException(string message, Exception exception) : base(message, exception) { }
|
||||
protected ObjectNotFoundException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext contex) : base(info, contex) { }
|
||||
}
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.Linq;
|
||||
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
|
||||
using System.Text;
|
||||
using System.Threading.Tasks;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
|
||||
public class PositionOutOfCollectionException : ApplicationException
|
||||
{
|
||||
public PositionOutOfCollectionException(int i) : base("Выход за границы коллекции.Позиция " + i) { }
|
||||
public PositionOutOfCollectionException() : base() { }
|
||||
public PositionOutOfCollectionException(string message) : base(message) { }
|
||||
public PositionOutOfCollectionException(string message, Exception exception) : base(message, exception) { }
|
||||
protected PositionOutOfCollectionException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext contex) : base(info, contex) { }
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.CollectionGenericObjects;
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.CollectionGenericObjects;
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Drawnings;
|
||||
using ProjectDumpTruck.Exceptions;
|
||||
using System;
|
||||
using System.Collections.Generic;
|
||||
using System.ComponentModel;
|
||||
@ -24,11 +26,17 @@ public partial class FormTruckCollection : Form
|
||||
/// Компания
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
private AbstractCompany? _company = null;
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// Логер
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
private readonly ILogger _logger;
|
||||
|
||||
public FormTruckCollection()
|
||||
|
||||
public FormTruckCollection(ILogger<FormTruckCollection> logger)
|
||||
{
|
||||
InitializeComponent();
|
||||
_storageCollection = new();
|
||||
_logger = logger;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
@ -60,19 +68,27 @@ public partial class FormTruckCollection : Form
|
||||
/// <param name="truck"></param>
|
||||
private void SetTruck(DrawningTruck? truck)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_company == null || truck == null)
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
return;
|
||||
if (_company == null || truck == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (_company + truck >= 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Объект добавлен");
|
||||
pictureBox.Image = _company.Show();
|
||||
_logger.LogInformation("Объект добавлен");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (_company + truck >= 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Объект добавлен");
|
||||
pictureBox.Image = _company.Show();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Не удалось добавить объект");
|
||||
_logger.LogWarning($"Ошибка: {ex.Message}");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
@ -92,14 +108,17 @@ public partial class FormTruckCollection : Form
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
int pos = Convert.ToInt32(maskedTextBoxPosition.Text);
|
||||
if (_company - pos != null)
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Объект удален");
|
||||
pictureBox.Image = _company.Show();
|
||||
if (_company - pos != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Объект удален");
|
||||
pictureBox.Image = _company.Show();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
catch (Exception ex) {
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Не удалось удалить объект");
|
||||
_logger.LogError("Ошибка: {Message}", ex.Message);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -245,13 +264,17 @@ public partial class FormTruckCollection : Form
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (saveFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_storageCollection.SaveData(saveFileDialog.FileName))
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
_storageCollection.SaveData(saveFileDialog.FileName);
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Сохранение прошло успешно", "Результат", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
|
||||
_logger.LogInformation("Сохранение в файл: {filename}",
|
||||
saveFileDialog.FileName);
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Не сохранилось", "Результат", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
|
||||
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Результат", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
|
||||
_logger.LogError("Ошибка: {Message}", ex.Message);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -260,14 +283,16 @@ public partial class FormTruckCollection : Form
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_storageCollection.LoadData(openFileDialog.FileName))
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
_storageCollection.LoadData(openFileDialog.FileName);
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Загрузка прошла успешно", "Результат", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
|
||||
RerfreshListBoxItems();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
MessageBox.Show("Не загрузилось", "Результат", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
|
||||
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Результат", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
|
||||
_logger.LogError("Ошибка: {Message}", ex.Message);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ namespace ProjectDumpTruck
|
||||
/// Передаем информацию при нажатии на Label
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="sender"></param>
|
||||
/// <param name="e"></param>
|
||||
private void LabelObject_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
|
||||
/// <param name="e"></paramlabelSimpleObject>
|
||||
private void LabelObject_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs elabelSimpleObject)
|
||||
{
|
||||
(sender as Label)?.DoDragDrop((sender as Label)?.Name ??
|
||||
string.Empty, DragDropEffects.Move | DragDropEffects.Copy);
|
||||
|
@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
|
||||
|
||||
using Serilog;
|
||||
|
||||
using Serilog.Extensions.Logging;
|
||||
using Serilog.Settings.Configuration;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace ProjectDumpTruck
|
||||
{
|
||||
internal static class Program
|
||||
@ -10,8 +19,28 @@ namespace ProjectDumpTruck
|
||||
{
|
||||
// To customize application configuration such as set high DPI settings or default font,
|
||||
// see https://aka.ms/applicationconfiguration.
|
||||
ServiceCollection services = new();
|
||||
ConfigureServices(services);
|
||||
ApplicationConfiguration.Initialize();
|
||||
Application.Run(new FormTruckCollection());
|
||||
using ServiceProvider serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
|
||||
Application.Run(serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<FormTruckCollection>());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñåðâèñà DI
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="services"></param>
|
||||
private static void ConfigureServices(ServiceCollection services)
|
||||
{
|
||||
services.AddSingleton<FormTruckCollection>()
|
||||
.AddLogging(option =>
|
||||
{
|
||||
option.SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel.Information);
|
||||
option.AddSerilog(new LoggerConfiguration()
|
||||
.WriteTo.File("log.txt")
|
||||
.CreateLogger());
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
@ -8,6 +8,17 @@
|
||||
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
|
||||
</PropertyGroup>
|
||||
|
||||
<ItemGroup>
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration" Version="8.0.0" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileExtensions" Version="2.2.0" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" Version="2.2.0" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="8.0.1" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Serilog" Version="3.1.1" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Serilog.Extensions.Logging" Version="7.0.0" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Serilog.Settings.Configuration" Version="3.3.0" />
|
||||
<PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.File" Version="5.0.0" />
|
||||
</ItemGroup>
|
||||
|
||||
<ItemGroup>
|
||||
<Compile Update="Properties\Resources.Designer.cs">
|
||||
<DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
|
||||
@ -23,4 +34,10 @@
|
||||
</EmbeddedResource>
|
||||
</ItemGroup>
|
||||
|
||||
<ItemGroup>
|
||||
<None Update="nlog.config">
|
||||
<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
|
||||
</None>
|
||||
</ItemGroup>
|
||||
|
||||
</Project>
|
13
ProjectDumpTruck/ProjectDumpTruck/nlog.config
Normal file
13
ProjectDumpTruck/ProjectDumpTruck/nlog.config
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
|
||||
<configuration>
|
||||
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
|
||||
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
|
||||
autoReload="true" internalLogLevel="Info">
|
||||
<targets>
|
||||
<target xsi:type="File" name="tofile" fileName="carlog- ${shortdate}.log" />
|
||||
</targets>
|
||||
<rules>
|
||||
<logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="tofile" />
|
||||
</rules>
|
||||
</nlog>
|
||||
</configuration>
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user