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# Лабораторная работа №3 - REST API, Gateway и синхронный обмен между микросервисами
## Задание
#### Цель:
Изучение шаблона проектирования gateway, построения синхронного обмена между микросервисами и архитектурного стиля RESTful API.
#### Задачи:
* Создать 2 микросервиса, реализующих CRUD на связанных сущностях.
* Реализовать механизм синхронного обмена сообщениями между микросервисами.
* Реализовать шлюз на основе прозрачного прокси-сервера nginx.
### Сервисы:
 1. ```product_service``` - сервис, отвечающий за продукты
 2. ```service_service``` - сервис, отвечающий за услуги, которые содержат в себе продукты
#### Связь между сервисами:
```service (single) <- product (many)```
## Как запустить программу:
```
docker compose up
```
## Файловая иерархия
```
Лаба 3/
|-- service_service/
| |-- Dockerfile
| |-- requirements.txt
| |-- service_service.py
|-- product_service/
| |-- Dockerfile
| |-- requirements.txt
| |-- product_service.py
|-- nginx/
| |-- Dockerfile
| |-- nginx.conf
|-- docker-compose.yml
```
## Описание работы:
Для разработки приложений был выбран язык программирования - ```python```
#### Синхронный обмен сообщениями
`product_service` будет отправлять http-запрос на `service_service` при определенных crud операциях.
#### Операции CRUD для услуги
Просмотр списка имеющихся услуг:
```
@app.route('/all', methods=['GET'])
def show_service_ids():
return service_ids
```
Добавление услуги:
```
@app.route('/add/<string:name>', methods=['POST'])
def create_service_id(name):
if request.method == 'POST':
if len(service_ids) == 0:
id = 1
else:
id = service_ids[-1]['id'] + 1
service_id = {'id': id, 'name': name}
service_ids.append(service_id)
return jsonify(service_id)
```
Поиск услуги по ID:
```
@app.route('/get/<int:id>', methods=['GET'])
def get_service_id(id):
found_service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == id), None)
if found_service:
return jsonify(found_service)
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'service_id not found'})
```
Обновление услуги:
```
@app.route('/upd/<int:id>_<string:name>', methods=['PUT'])
def update_service_id(id, name):
service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == id), None)
if service:
service['name'] = name
return jsonify(service)
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'service_id not found'})
```
Удаление услуги:
```
@app.route('/del/<int:id>', methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_service_id(id):
global service_ids
service_ids = [service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] != id]
return jsonify({'result': True})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5001)
```
#### Операции CRUD для продукта
Просмотр списка имеющихся продуктов:
```
@app.route('/all', methods=['GET'])
def show_products():
return products
```
Добавление продукта:
```
@app.route('/add/<int:service_id>_<string:product>', methods=['POST'])
def create_product(service_id, product):
product = {'id': len(products) + 1,
'service_id': service_id,
'product': product,
'action': 'create'}
products.append(product)
requests.post("http://service-service:5001/event", json=product)
return jsonify(product)
```
Поиск продукта по ID:
```
@app.route('/get/<int:product_id>', methods=['GET'])
def get_product(product_id):
found_product = next((product for product in products if product['id'] == product_id), None)
if found_product:
read_product = {'id': found_product['id'],
'service_id': found_product['service_id'],
'product': found_product['product']}
return jsonify(read_product)
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'product not found'})
```
Обновление продукта:
```
@app.route('/upd/<int:product_id>/<string:new_product>', methods=['PUT'])
def update_product(product_id, new_product):
product = next((prod for prod in products if prod['id'] == product_id), None)
if product:
product['product'] = new_product
product['action'] = 'update'
requests.post("http://service-service:5001/event", json=product)
return jsonify({'message': 'Product updated successfully'})
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'Product not found'})
```
Удаление продукта:
```
@app.route('/product/del_<int:product_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_product(product_id):
global products
deleted_product = next((product for product in products if product['id'] == product_id), None)
products = [product for product in products if product['id'] != product_id]
deleted_product['action'] = 'delete'
requests.post("http://service-service:5001/event", json=deleted_product)
return jsonify({'result': True})
```
### Docker-compose
Конфигурационный файл ```docker-сompose``` представляет собой многоконтейнерное приложение с тремя сервисами: ```service-service```, ```product-service``` и ```nginx```. Эти сервисы подключены к собственной сети типа "```bridge```" с именем ```my_network```
```
version: '3.8'
services:
service-service:
build:
context: ./service_service
ports:
- "5001:5001"
networks:
- my_network
restart: always
product-service:
build:
context: ./product_service
ports:
- "5002:5002"
networks:
- my_network
restart: always
nginx:
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- "80:80"
depends_on:
- service-service
- product-service
networks:
- my_network
volumes:
- ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
restart: always
networks:
my_network:
driver: bridge
```
### Nginx
Этот файл представляет собой конфигурацию для ```Nginx```, который является веб-сервером и обратным прокси:
```
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
location /service-service/ {
proxy_pass http://service-service:5001/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
location /product-service/ {
proxy_pass http://product-service:5002/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
}
```
### Dockerfile микросервисов
Dockerfile для услуг
```
FROM python:3.11
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5001", "service_service:app"]
```
Dockerfile для продуктов
```
FROM python:3.11
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5002", "product_service:app"]
```
# Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sf0CkkcuveY

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version: '3.8'
services:
service-service:
build:
context: ./service_service
ports:
- "5001:5001"
networks:
- my_network
restart: always
product-service:
build:
context: ./product_service
ports:
- "5002:5002"
networks:
- my_network
restart: always
nginx:
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- "80:80"
depends_on:
- service-service
- product-service
networks:
- my_network
volumes:
- ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
restart: always
networks:
my_network:
driver: bridge

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FROM nginx
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

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events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
location /service-service/ {
proxy_pass http://service-service:5001/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
location /product-service/ {
proxy_pass http://product-service:5002/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
}

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FROM python:3.11
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5002", "product_service:app"]

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# product_service.py
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import requests
app = Flask(__name__)
products = []
@app.route('/all', methods=['GET'])
def show_products():
return products
@app.route('/add/<int:service_id>_<string:product>', methods=['POST'])
def create_product(service_id, product):
product = {'id': len(products) + 1,
'service_id': service_id,
'product': product,
'action': 'create'}
products.append(product)
requests.post("http://service-service:5001/event", json=product)
return jsonify(product)
@app.route('/upd/<int:product_id>/<string:new_product>', methods=['PUT'])
def update_product(product_id, new_product):
product = next((prod for prod in products if prod['id'] == product_id), None)
if product:
product['product'] = new_product
product['action'] = 'update'
requests.post("http://service-service:5001/event", json=product)
return jsonify({'message': 'Product updated successfully'})
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'Product not found'})
@app.route('/get/<int:product_id>', methods=['GET'])
def get_product(product_id):
found_product = next((product for product in products if product['id'] == product_id), None)
if found_product:
read_product = {'id': found_product['id'],
'service_id': found_product['service_id'],
'product': found_product['product']}
return jsonify(read_product)
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'product not found'})
@app.route('/product/del_<int:product_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_product(product_id):
global products
deleted_product = next((product for product in products if product['id'] == product_id), None)
products = [product for product in products if product['id'] != product_id]
deleted_product['action'] = 'delete'
requests.post("http://service-service:5001/event", json=deleted_product)
return jsonify({'result': True})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5002)

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Flask==3.0.0
requests==2.31.0
gunicorn==21.2.0

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FROM python:3.11
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5001", "service_service:app"]

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Flask==3.0.0
requests==2.31.0
gunicorn==21.2.0

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# service_id_service.py
import json
import time
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
service_ids = []
@app.route('/event', methods=['POST'])
def event():
data = request.get_json()
print(data)
input_service_id = data.get('service_id')
if data['action'] == 'create':
service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == input_service_id), None)
if service:
product_id = len(service.get('products', [])) + 1
product = {'id': product_id, 'product': data['product']}
service.setdefault('products', []).append(product)
print(f"Product created for service_id {input_service_id}: {product}")
else:
print(f"service_id not found for product creation: {input_service_id}")
elif data['action'] == 'update':
service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == input_service_id), None)
if service:
product_id = data.get('id')
product = next((product for product in service['products'] if product['id'] == product_id), None)
if product:
product['product'] = data['product']
print(f"Product updated for service_id {input_service_id}: {product}")
else:
print(f"Product not found for update: {product_id}")
else:
print(f"service_id not found for product update: {input_service_id}")
elif data['action'] == 'delete':
service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == input_service_id), None)
if service:
product_id = service.get('id')
service['products'] = [product for product in service.get('products', []) if product['id'] != product_id]
print(f"Product deleted for service_id {input_service_id}: {product_id}")
else:
print(f"service_id not found for product deletion: {input_service_id}")
return jsonify({'result': True})
@app.route('/all', methods=['GET'])
def show_service_ids():
return service_ids
@app.route('/add/<string:name>', methods=['POST'])
def create_service_id(name):
if request.method == 'POST':
if len(service_ids) == 0:
id = 1
else:
id = service_ids[-1]['id'] + 1
service_id = {'id': id, 'name': name}
service_ids.append(service_id)
return jsonify(service_id)
@app.route('/get/<int:id>', methods=['GET'])
def get_service_id(id):
found_service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == id), None)
if found_service:
return jsonify(found_service)
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'service_id not found'})
@app.route('/upd/<int:id>_<string:name>', methods=['PUT'])
def update_service_id(id, name):
service = next((service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] == id), None)
if service:
service['name'] = name
return jsonify(service)
else:
return jsonify({'error': 'service_id not found'})
@app.route('/del/<int:id>', methods=['DELETE'])
def delete_service_id(id):
global service_ids
service_ids = [service_id for service_id in service_ids if service_id['id'] != id]
return jsonify({'result': True})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5001)